Background: Pneumothorax is an emergency case that needs immediate management. Assessment of lung diseases and causes of pneumothorax is important to manage interdisciplinary therapy and improve the overall quality of management. Risk factors affecting the survival rate of pneumothorax are age and HIV infection, but data is not yet avalaible in Indonesia.
Objective: To determine the characteristics of pneumothorax patients and factors affecting their survival during hospitalization in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.
Methods: Retrospective cohort was conducted on pneumothorax patients who were admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within 2000-2011. Cumulative survival rate in 8 days of hospitalization and the affecting factors underwent bivariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis using cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results: Among 104 included subjects, their mean age was 39.7 years (SD ± 16.2 years) with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Most common symptom was shortness of breath (99%) and abnormality on physical examination was hypersonor (97.1%). Most plain chest X-ray data showed hyperlucent avascular (91.4%). Most common etiology of secondary pneumothorax were smoking (41.3%), pneumonia (40.3%) and tuberculosis (35.5). Most common type of pneumothorax was secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (47.1%). Most of the patients were successfully managed using water-sealed drainage (94.2%). As many as 66.3% of the subjects survived. Major cause of death was respiratory failure (45.8%). Factors that worsen the survival rate were chest trauma (HR=3.49; 95%CI 1.52-8.04) and pulmonary tuberculosis (HR=3.33; 95%CI 1.39-7.99).
Conclusions: Factors that worsen the survival rate of pneumothorax patients were pulmonary tuberculosis and chest trauma.
Key words : Pneumothorax, survival